Online lesson 1(e-learning)

There are many kinds of breeding systems. Well, i have done a research and please read.
Pure-breeding

Pure-breeding is the mating of rams and ewes of the same breed. A purebred flock can be managed as a single flock because all ewes and rams are of the same pure breed. The goal of purebred sheep production should be to supply genetics (seed stock) to the commercial sheep industry. Seed stock are marketed as rams and replacement ewes to other seed stock producers or to commercial sheep operations.

Improvements in purebred sheep should be documented through records. The National Sheep Improvement Program (NSIP) collects performance data from purebred producers and provides them with across-flock EPDs. "EPD" is short for "Expected Progeny Difference."

An EPD is an estimate of the genetic merit of an animal for a given trait. Specifically, the EPD of an animal is the expected difference between the performance of that animal's progeny (offspring) and the average progeny performance of all the animals in the breed for that trait. For example, if a lamb has a weaning weight EPD of 2.0 lbs., this means that its progeny will be 2.0 lbs. heavier than the average lamb in the breed.

Australia's LAMB PLAN is a similar system for determine genetic worth of a sheep. The show ring generally does a poor job of identifying genetically superior sheep, particularly maternal breeds of sheep whose traits cannot be evaluated by visual appraisal.

Out-breeding
Within pure-breeding, there are several types of mating systems. Out-breeding is the mating of animals of the same breed but which have no closer relationship than at least 4 to 6 generations. Out-breeding is the recommended breeding practice for most purebred sheep breeders.

Inbreeding

Inbreeding is a system of breeding in which closely related animals are mated. This includes sire to daughter, son to dam, and brother to sister. Technically, inbreeding is defined as the mating of animals more closely related than the average relationship within the breed or population concerned. The primary genetic consequence of inbreeding is to increase the frequency of pairing of similar genes.

Inbreeding is essential to the development of prepotent animals — animals that uniformly "stamp" their characteristics on their progeny. Inbreeding may also be used to uncover genes that produce abnormalities or death — genes that, in out-bred herds, are generally present in low frequencies. Inbreeding is suggested for only highly qualified operators who are making an effort to stabilize important traits in a given set of animals.

In general, inbreeding results in an overall lowering in performance: vigor, disease resistance, reproductive efficiency, and survivability. It also increases the frequency of abnormalities. For example, the spread of spider lamb disease in black-faced sheep is believed to be the consequence of inbreeding.

Line-breeding
Line-breeding is a system of breeding in which the degree of relationship is less intense than in inbreeding and is usually directed towards keeping the offspring related to some highly prized ancestor. The degree of relationship is not closer than half-brother half-sister matings or cousin matings, etc. Line breeding is a mild form of inbreeding.
Crossbreeding
Crossbreeding is the mating of rams and ewes of different breed compositions. However, it does not denote indiscriminate mixing of breeds, but rather is a systematic utilization of different breed resources to produce crossbred progeny of a specific type. Crossbreeding is used extensively in the commercial sheep industry and the majority of slaughter lambs are crossbred.

Crossbreeding offers two distinct advantages: 1) heterosis; and 2) breed complementarity. Heterosis or hybrid vigor is the superiority of the crossbred offspring. Mathematically, heterosis is the difference in performance between the crossbred and the average performance of the purebred parent.

There are effects of heterosis in the crossbred offspring, crossbred dam, and crossbred ram. In general, crossbred individuals tend to be more vigorous, more fertile and grow faster than purebreds.


There are several systematic crossbreeding systems. Terminal crossing makes maximum use of both heterosis and breed complementarity. It may utilize two, three, or four breeds, and can be as simple as crossing two purebreeds.


Terminal crossing
In terminal crossing, all of the crossbred offspring are sold and replacement ewe lambs must be purchased or produced in the flock by mating a proportion of the flock to rams of the same breed. In a three or four breed terminal crossbreeding system, crossbred ewes and crossbred rams can be utilized in the system to maximize heterosis.

Rotational crossing
Rotational crossing will also maintain high levels of heterosis. Rotational crossing involves alternating the use of rams of two, three, or more breeds. Ewes are mated to rams of the breed which they are least related. It works best when breeds which function acceptably as both ram and ewe breeds, are utilized.

Roto-terminal crossing
Roto-terminal crossing involves both terminal crossing to produce market lambs and rotational crossing to produce ewe lambs. The best ewes in the flock would comprise the nucleus flock. They would be used to produce replacement ewes. The rest of the ewes in the flock would be bred to a terminal sire to produce market lambs.

Grading up
Grading up denotes the repeated crossing of ewes and their female progeny to rams of a single breed, with the ultimate objective of creating a flock that is indistinguishable from purebred flocks of the ram breed. It is used when only rams of the breed of interest are available or affordable.

Composite breeds
Crossbreeding is also used to form new or "composite" breeds. Once the crossbred base population has been formed, the flock is managed as a purebred flock. This is how many new breeds are created.

Many of the aforementioned crossbreeding systems are difficult to accomplish in a small flock, which may only have the option of one or two breeding groups. The purchase of replacement females would enable the use of a terminal crossing program. Alternating the use of ram and ewe breeds would maintain maternal and growth characteristics in the flock.

Source: http://www.sheep101.info/201/breedingsystems.html

Well, i think that the lamp leg Mary used should be big enough to kill her husband. So i think it should be 42 inch tall and weigh about 11 pounds.
The following is the nutrients of the lamp leg:

Leg of Lamb Canaries Total Fats Saturated Cholesterol Protein
(grams) Fats(g) (milligrams) (g)
(Roasted) 162 6.6 2.4 76 24


Here's a recipe I would suggest Mary cook for the sergeant and his men:
Lamb koftas with a cucumber and mint yogurt

Ingredients

140g/5oz minced lamb
small bunch coriander, chopped
1 tsp cumin seeds
1 tsp coriander seeds, crushed
1 tsp chilli, chopped
1 tsp turmeric
pinch dried cinnamon
salt and freshly ground black pepper
1 tbsp pine nuts
1 lime, zest and juice only
For the yoghurt sauce
110g/4oz yoghurt
½ cucumber, grated and squeezed to remove water
small bunch fresh mint, chopped
1 lemon, juice and zest only
To serve
fresh coriander, chopped
Method

1. Preheat the oven to 220C/425F/Gas 7.
2. Mix all dry ingredients together and toast in a dry pan. Crush in a pestle and mortar. Mix the lamb, the lime zest and juice and all the toasted ingredients together. Form on to wooden skewers and put aside to rest.
3. If the mixture is loose add a little flour.
4. For the yoghurt sauce, miix the yoghurt ingredients togetherin a bowl and set aside.
5. Heat an ovenproof griddle pan until smoking and add the koftas. Griddle on all sides to achieve brown char marks, then transfer to the oven to cook for ten minutes, or until completely cooked through.
6. Serve on a plate with chopped coriander sprinkled over the top and some of the yoghurt mixture.

Source:http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/database/lambkoftaswithacucum_70013.shtml

My learning Style.

Well, basically, my learning style is nature smart. Actually, i don't really know what it means. However, i feel that nature smart is more like for people who like to explore and research work. Well, i love to explore especially exploring about history.]
Research is a definitely when comes to explore. I also like to make my hands dirty. When i got the result, instead of being shocked, i was actually quite glad. My studies is average but i love to go on outing trips and overseas to see new things and definitely learn more things. Going on trips really helps my learning a lot.
Sorry for not putting the picture because i did that in school while i'm not posting this blog at home. Those people who are also nature smart, do you all know something? We love to explore! I feel that this multi-intelligence test is really useful because it helps us to understand how or what kind of learning we are more suitable to.

Differences and similarities between Way up to Heaven and Lamp to the slaughter

Similarities between Way up to heaven and Lamp to the slaughter
Well, basically there is one most common similarities between these two stories: the wives killed their husband. This is also the main point of the stories. Secondly, after the wives killed their husbands , they remained very calm, so calm as if the murder did not happen or so calm as if they did not know their husbands were killed. Thirdly, the wives in both of the stories were very submissive to their husbands. They love them, cared them without complaints and always listened to their husbands.Fourthly, both of the husbands in the stories all start to ''hate'' their wives. The husband in ''Way up to heaven'' hate his wive's pathological fear of being late. The husband in ''Lamb to the slaughter'' starts to love other women and wanted to leave his wive. So both of them thinks their wives are getting on the nerves. Lastly, both of the husbands were killed and the truth was never told.
Differences between Way up to heaven and Lamp to the slaughter
Well, the differences between the two stories are lesser than the similarities. Firstly, the ways the husbands are killed are different. The wive killed her husband using a lamb's leg which she just took out from the freezer.(Lamb to the slaughter). On the other hand, the wive purposely starved her husband to death by making him trapped in the lift.( Way up to heaven) Secondly, the husband in Lamb to the slaughter died instantly while the husband in Way up to heaven died over a period of time. Lastly, the wive in Lamb to the slaughter immediately dialed the police after she had killed her husband and went to bought some meat to make sure that everything was like as if she did not know about the murder. While on the other hand, the wive in Way up to heaven did not killed him,although she know that her husband was going to die, and when she came back from her visit to her daughter, she went back to her house and smelled something unpleasant. The lift was spoiled and she knew her husband died in there. To make sure no one is suspicious of her, she called for repair so that people would believe her that she did not kill her husband. However, she never dialed for the police.

Well, i prefer Way up to heaven because the story is very interesting and i ''like'' the way the wive killed her husband. The story climax was also very interesting.

FT ISLAND----ANOTHER BAND

F.T Island (Korean: 에프티 아일랜드), Five Treasure Island, or FTI, is a five member South Korean boy band. The name F.T. Island stands for 'Five Treasure Island', with each of the five members being a treasure. Well, i am not very familiar with this band but i love this SONG GOD DAMN MUCH!!! ENJOY!!!

SUPER JUNIOR-----A BOY BAND

Super Junior (Korean: 슈퍼주니어), often referred to as SJ or SuJu (슈주), is a boy band from Seoul, South Korea formed by SM Entertainment in 2005. With a total of thirteen members, Super Junior is the largest boy band in the world.^[1] The group consists of Leeteuk (leader), Heechul, Han Geng, Yesung, Kang-in, Shindong, Sungmin, Eunhyuk, Donghae, Siwon, Ryeowook, Kibum, and Kyuhyun. The Chinese member, Han Geng, was chosen from three thousand applicants, via auditions held in China by SM Entertainment in 2001.

Super Junior has released and contributed in 19 different kinds of records with varying degrees of success. Over the years, they have been divided into smaller sub groups, simultaneously targeting different music industries and audiences. Largely due to Super Junior's success as entertainers, other Korean entertainment managements began to train their music groups in other areas of entertainment, such as acting and hosting. In addition to their commercial success, Super Junior has earned seven music awards from the M.net asian music award, eleven from the Gold Disk Award, and is the second singing group to win Favorite Artist Korea at the MTV Asia Awards after JYlin 2008.

I love their songs especially sorry sorry. DO YOU KNOW THAT THEY SING CHINESE SONGS???? Their chinese songs also AWESOME!!! Here are some of their songs i liked ENJOY!!!!!

Nothing but more SONGS

This time the songs will be more of the older songs but they are also very nice! I bet u sure u like it!! One thing famous about snsd is their dance. Its really HOT!!!

Favourite Songs of SNSD

I love SNSD!!!!!! They are so HOT!HOT!HOT! Especially Genie and other songs. Oh my god! Their legs are simply HOT!!Watch and ENJOY the videos!! They also advertise for a LG phone!! I shall show you their photos! Tell me who you think is the prettiest!

Top row(left to right): Tiffany, Sooyoung, Taeyoen
Second row(left to right): Sunny, Seohyun, Yonna
Third row(left to right): Jessica, Yuri and Hyoyeon

Snsd

SNSD(girls generation)is a South Korean nine-member girl group formed by SM Entertainment in 2007. Its members include Yoona, Tiffany, Yuri, Hyoyeon, Sooyoung, Seohyun, Taeyeon, Jessica, and Sunny. They are commonly referred to as SNSD, the acronym of the group's Korean name So Nyeo Shi Dae or So Nyuh Shi Dae. They are many great songs...and I would post it. Please enjoy. By the way, Jessical is my favourite.
For those who dont know snsd, please enjoy the videos, I'm sure you will LOVE IT!